Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and its active ingredient, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), are the
most commonly used chlorine-based disinfectants. HOCl is a fast-acting and potent …

Bacteria encounter reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a consequence of the aerobic life or
as an oxidative burst of activated neutrophils during infections. In addition, bacteria are …

Sulfur-containing amino acids such as cysteine and methionine are particularly vulnerable
to oxidation. Oxidation of cysteine and methionine in their free amino acid form renders them …

A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli
(ExPEC), such as the urinary pathogenic E. coli (UPEC), are common constituents of treated …

Some chlorine-resistant Escherichia coli isolates harbor the locus of heat resistance (LHR),
a genomic island conferring heat resistance. In this study, the protective effect of the LHR for …

Genomic modification by sulfur in the form of phosphorothioate (PT) is widespread among
prokaryotes, including human pathogens. Apart from its physiological functions, PT sulfur …

Bleach (HOCl) is a powerful oxidant that kills bacteria in part by causing protein aggregation.
It inactivates ATP-dependent chaperones, rendering cellular proteins mostly dependent on …

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) reduced HAuCl4 under alkaline conditions to achieve the
rapid in situ growth of gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) in hydrogels. The hydrogels doped with …

Our organism is exposed to pathogens on a daily basis. Owing to this age-old interaction,
both pathogen and host evolved strategies to cope with these encounters. Here, we focus on …

NieR is a TetR family transcriptional repressor previously shown to regulate the NaOCl-
inducible efflux pump NieAB in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. NieR is an ortholog of …