Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) the sequel of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a frequent
complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and
is the leading cause of visual loss in the elderly. Hyperglycemia and altered metabolic …

Homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism is crucial for regulating methionine availability, protein
homeostasis, and DNA-methylation presenting, therefore, key pathways in post-genomic …

Cognitive dysfunctions such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD),
and other forms of dementia are recognized as common comorbidities of type 2 diabetes …

Homocysteine (Hcy) is an amino acid that requires vitamins B12 and folic acid for its
metabolism. Vitamins B12 and folic acid deficiencies lead to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy …

Automatic segmentation of retinal images is an important task in computer-assisted medical
image analysis for the diagnosis of diseases such as hypertension, diabetic and …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease worldwide. There is a strong association
between DM and neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. The first group mainly …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes and a leading cause of
blindness and visual impairment. This study focuses on the function of lysine …

Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level, known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has
been linked to different systemic and neurological diseases, well-known as a risk factor for …

Folate, a pteroylglutamic acid derivative, participates in fundamental cellular metabolism.
Homocysteine, an amino acid, serves as an intermediate of the methionine cycle and can be …