Eukaryotic cells organize their intracellular components into organelles that can be
membrane-bound or membraneless. A large number of membraneless organelles, including …

Immune signalling pathways convert pathogenic stimuli into cytosolic events that lead to the
resolution of infection. Upon ligand engagement, immune receptors together with their …

Many biomolecular condensates form via spontaneous phase transitions that are driven by
multivalent proteins. These molecules are biological instantiations of associative polymers …

We have made rapid progress in recent years in identifying the genetic causes of many
human diseases. However, despite this recent progress, our mechanistic understanding of …

Compartmentalization by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a
ubiquitous mechanism underlying the organization of biomolecules in space and time. Here …

Many proteins, such as RNA-binding proteins, have complex folding landscapes. How cells
maintain the solubility and folding state of such proteins, particularly under stress conditions …

Insoluble protein aggregates are the hallmarks of many neurodegenerative diseases. For
example, aggregates of TDP-43 occur in nearly all cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis …

There is growing interest in the topic of intracellular phase transitions that lead to the
formation of biologically regulated biomolecular condensates. These condensates are …

Fibrillar protein aggregates are a hallmark of a range of human disorders, from prion
diseases to dementias, but are also encountered in several functional contexts. Yet, the …

Highlights•Phase separation can be predicted by multiple methods based on diverse
approaches and underlying mechanistic assumptions.•These methods generally overlap in …