The rapid development of additive manufacturing has fueled a revolution in various research
fields and industrial applications. Among the myriad of advanced 3D printing techniques …

Abstract Four-dimensional (4D) printing of shape memory polymer (SMP) imparts time
responsive properties to 3D structures. Here, we explore 4D printing of a SMP in the …

Functionalized optical fiber tips featuring miniature sizes and diverse functions have broken
the limitations of traditional optical fiber with fixed shapes and single materials, significantly …

Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are widely applied as compact solutions to generate
desired optical patterns in the far field by wavefront shaping. They consist of microscopic …

Two-photon polymerization lithography is promising for producing three-dimensional
structures with user-defined micro-and nanoscale features. Additionally, shrinkage by …

Electron beam lithography (EBL) is renowned to provide fabrication resolution in the deep
nanometer scale. One major limitation of current EBL techniques is their incapability of …

Sculpting nanostructures into different geometries in either one or two dimensions produces
a wide range of colorful elements in microscopic prints. However, achieving different shades …

Mask-free multi-photon lithography enables the fabrication of arbitrary nanostructures low
cost and more accessible than conventional lithography. A major challenge for multi-photon …

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have long been considered as disruptive platforms that
revolutionize optics. Building on the mature industrial foundry infrastructure for electronic …

Micron-and submicron-scale 3D structure realization nowadays is possible due to the two-
photon photopolymerization (TPP) direct laser writing photolithography (DLW …