Brain development, sensory information processing, and learning and memory processes
depend on Hebbian forms of synaptic plasticity, and on the remodeling and pruning of …

Since it was first described almost 30 years ago, homeostatic synaptic plasticity (HSP) has
been hypothesized to play a key role in maintaining neuronal circuit function in both …

It is increasingly recognized that the gut microbiota profoundly influences many aspects of
host development and physiology, including the modulation of brain development and …

Peptidoglycan (PGN) is a cell wall component of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative
bacteria. Signature fragments of PGN are proinflammatory through engagement of pattern …

Homeostatic signalling systems ensure stable but flexible neural activity and animal
behaviour,,,. Presynaptic homeostatic plasticity is a conserved form of neuronal homeostatic …

The ability to adapt to changing internal and external conditions is a key feature of biological
systems. Homeostasis refers to a regulatory process that stabilizes dynamic systems to …

Detecting danger is key to the survival and success of all species. Animal nervous and
immune systems cooperate to optimize danger detection. Preceding studies have …

Lepidopteran insects have potent innate immunity to fight against the invading pathogens.
As the initiation step, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize and bind microbial …

In spite of the positive effects of bacteria on health, certain species are harmful, and
therefore, animals must weigh nutritional benefits against negative post-ingestion …

The humoral arm of host defense in Drosophila relies on two evolutionarily conserved NFκB
signaling cascades, the Toll and the immune deficiency (Imd) pathways. The Imd signaling …