Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-related neurological disorder characterized by
synaptic loss and dementia. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is an essential signal transduction …

Diabetes compromises bone cell metabolism and function, resulting in increased risk of
fragility fracture. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) interact with the receptor for AGEs …

Although the innate immune receptor protein, Receptor for Advanced Glycation End
products (RAGE), has been extensively studied, there has been renewed interest in RAGE …

Vitamin D 3 is already found early in the evolution of life but essentially as inactive end
products of the photochemical reaction of 7-dehydrocholestol with ultraviolet light B. A full …

Neurological diseases, particularly in the context of aging, have serious impacts on quality of
life and can negatively affect bone health. The brain-bone axis is critically important for …

Diabetes increases risk of fracture, although type 2 diabetes is characterized by normal or
high bone mineral density (BMD) compared with the patients without diabetes. The fracture …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide and its
incidence is increasing due to the ageing population. Currently, the main limitations of AD …

Objective: Osteoimmunology investigates interactions between skeleton and immune
system. In the light of recent discoveries in this field, a new reading register of osteoporosis …

The increasing of intracellular calcium concentration is a fundamental process for mediating
osteoclastogenesis, which is involved in osteoclastic bone resorption. Cytosolic calcium …

Inadequate osteogenesis and excessive adipogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem
cells (BMSCs) are key factors in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Patients with Alzheimer's …