Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a
dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable …

For decades, preclinical toxicology was essentially a descriptive discipline in which
treatment-related effects were carefully reported and used as a basis to calculate safety …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a promising technology for fabricating
complex tissue constructs with biomimetic biological functions and stable mechanical …

Endothelial cells (ECs) are a key cellular component of the vascular system as they form the
inner lining of the blood vessels. Recent findings highlight that ECs express extensive …

The number of successful drug development projects has been stagnant for decades
despite major breakthroughs in chemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. Unreliable target …

The urea cycle is a liver-based pathway enabling disposal of nitrogen waste. Urea cycle
disorders (UCDs) are inherited metabolic diseases caused by deficiency of enzymes or …

Only a few preclinical findings are confirmed in the clinic, posing a critical issue for clinical
development. Therefore, identifying the best preclinical models can help dissect molecular …

With the advantage of uniformity and customizability, hydrogel microparticles are widely
used to establish in vitro organoid modeling for drug testing. However, the practical values of …

Background: Understanding the variability across the human population with respect to
toxicodynamic responses after exposure to chemicals, such as environmental toxicants or …

New approach methodologies (NAM), including omics and in vitro approaches, are
contributing to the implementation of 3R (reduction, refinement and replacement) strategies …