Since the COVID-19 pandemic, access to adequate, affordable, reliable broadband has
become essential to many aspects of modern life. However, while urban centers in Canada …

We present key results from the 2023 Methods-of-Payment (MOP) Survey, including updated
payment shares based on a three-day shopping diary. Results show that measures of cash …

Attempts to measure aspects of Indigenous economies within Canada are limited by data
availability and quality. Drawing on the most recent data sources and research, we provide …

Attempts to measure and track the Indigenous economy in Canada are limited by data
availability and quality. Also, little is known about the business environment on reserves …

This study considers the retrogression event of convenience for bank users as a natural
experiment and analyzes the effect of this event on cash demand. Using bank account …

Cash, COVID-19 and the Prospects for a Canadian Digital Dollar Page 1 Bank of Canada
staff discussion papers are completed staff research studies on a wide variety of subjects …

This paper studies an empirical model of shoe-leather cost applied to consumer cash
withdrawal. The unique feature is to estimate the effect of shoe-leather cost from the cash …

Attempts to measure aspects of the Indigenous economy in Canada are limited by data
availability and quality. Drawing on the most recent data sources and research, we provide …

This paper analyses the payment habits of Canadians both in the current payment
environment and in a hypothetical cashless environment. The paper also considers whether …

Canada and other major countries are investigating the implementation of``digital money''or
Central Bank Digital Currencies, necessitating answers to key questions about how …