BACKGROUND The endometrium is the primary target organ for the 'female'sex steroid
hormone estrogen, which exerts effects in the endometrium via two main classical estrogen …

The involvement of estrogen and its receptors in the development of cancer has been known
for years. However, the exact mechanism responsible is far from clear. The estrogen …

It is known that estrogen stimulates growth and inhibits apoptosis through estrogen receptor
(ER)-mediated mechanisms in many cancer cell types. Interestingly, there is strong evidence …

The full-length oestrogen receptor (ER) exists in most vertebrates as two separately
encoded isoforms. ER splice variants represent truncated or otherwise modified versions of …

Estrogen receptor (ER) β was discovered over a decade ago. The design of most studies on
this receptor was based on knowledge of its predecessor, ERα. Although breast cancer …

Endometriosis is the major cause of female infertility and has been linked to the action of
estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER). A new pool of ERβ locates within mitochondria, which …

Background Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy; risk
factors include exposure to oestrogens and high body mass index. Expression of enzymes …

While it is well documented that the mitogenic actions of estrogens are critical in the
development and progression of human breast and some gynecologic cancers, only latest …

Estrogen receptor β is expressed in normal and neoplastic ovarian and endometrial tissues.
Recent studies indicate that levels of this receptor decline in ovarian tumorigenesis, like in …

Objective: To determine the optimal dose, safety, and efficacy of an estrogen receptor β
selective Chinese herbal extract, menopausal formula 101 (MF101), for treating hot flushes …