Neuromodulation is an expanding area of pain medicine that incorporates an array of non-
invasive, minimally invasive, and surgical electrical therapies. In this Series paper, we focus …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that causes severe loss of motor, sensory
and autonomic functions. Additionally, many individuals experience chronic neuropathic …

Moderate to severe pain occurs in many cancer patients during their clinical course and may
stem from the primary pathology, metastasis, or as treatment side effects. Uncontrolled pain …

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a debilitating and painful condition
in patients who have received chemotherapy. The role of neuromodulation therapy in …

Objectives Neuromodulation therapies use a variety of treatment modalities (eg, electrical
stimulation) to treat chronic pain. These therapies have experienced rapid growth that has …

Chronic pain remains a public health problem and contributes to the ongoing opioid
epidemic. Current pain management therapies still leave many patients with poorly …

Microglia can modulate spinal nociceptive transmission. Yet, their role in spinal cord
stimulation (SCS)-induced pain inhibition is unclear. Here, we examined how SCS affects …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological insult that disrupts the ascending and
descending neural pathways between the peripheral nerves and the brain, leading to not …

Objectives Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a last-resort treatment for patients with chronic
neuropathic pain. The mechanism underlying SCS and pain relief is not yet fully understood …

The research in neuroimmunomodulation aims to shed light on the complex relationships
that exist between the immune and neurological systems and how they affect the human …