The mining industry faces a number of challenges that include rapid depletion of high-grade
deposits, high energy cost for metal production, and growing environmental concerns …

Antimony has become an increasingly critical element in recent years, due to a surge in
industrial demand and the Chinese domination of primary production. Antimony is produced …

Modern industries that are involved in the design and development of high-technology
products rely heavily on the availability of critical materials. As a result, there has been a …

Nowadays, a higher demand on a lot of metals exists, but the quantity and purity of the ores
decreases. The amount of scrap, on the other hand, increases and thus, recycling becomes …

Despite the dominance of the blast furnace ironmaking process, increasing attention is
being paid to the development of new technologies with lower energy consumption and CO …

In the Late Bronze Age, the extractive metallurgy of copper in north‐eastern Italy achieved a
peak of technological efficiency and mass production, as evidenced by the substantial …

Oxygen-enriched smelting is accompanied by the precipitation of magnetite due to fayalite-
based slag systems, which deteriorates the properties of slag and increases copper content …

In an effort to develop a novel green ironmaking process with the potential of steelmaking in
a single continuous process the chemistry of selected slag systems were investigated. The …

The effects of the amphoteric and basic oxides alumina and lime on the phase equilibria of
copper matte and silica-saturated slags were investigated at 1300° C and P_ SO _ 2 P SO …

Due to the highly dynamic characteristic in copper smelting process at a Copper Smelter in
China, it is difficult to maintain high performance level control. As a key process indicator to …