The theory of cancer stem cells states that a subset of cancer cells within a tumor has the
ability to self-renew and differentiate. Only those cells within a tumor that have these two …

Mass-spectrometry-based proteomic data on human tumors—combined with corresponding
multi-omics data—present opportunities for systematic and pan-cancer proteogenomic …

The Wnt pathway has emerged as a key signaling cascade participating in mammary
organogenesis and breast oncogenesis. In this review, we will summarize the current …

Purpose. Wnt signaling regulates the fine balance between stemness and differentiation.
Here, the role of Wnt signaling to maintain the balance between estrogen-induced …

A role of WNT signaling for primary breast cancers of the basal-like subtype and as a
predictor of brain metastasis has been described. However, a responsible WNT ligand has …

The canonical Wnt pathway controls cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis by
regulating the expression of a high number of target genes. The first target gene of the Wnt …

Background We have recently reported that the expression of peptidylarginine deiminase 2
(PADI2) is regulated by EGF in mammary cancer cells and appears to play a role in the …

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor
bound and activated by ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Historically, the AhR has been …

Introduction Despite advances in early detection and adjuvant targeted therapies, breast
cancer is still the second most common cause of cancer mortality among women. Tumor …

The breast epithelium comprises cells at different stages of differentiation, including stem
cells, progenitor cells, and more differentiated epithelial and myoepithelial cells. Wnt …