▪ Abstract We review the physiological, molecular, and neural mechanisms of insect color
vision. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses reveal that the basic bauplan, UV-blue-green …

One of the most intensively examined and abundantly documented structures in the animal
world is insect mouthparts. Major structural types of extant insect mouthparts are extensive …

There is a voluminous literature on pollination and dispersal, very little of which deals with
the consequences of reproductive failure and its most extreme consequence: extinction. The …

Pollinators-insects, birds, bats, and other animals that carry pollen from the male to the
female parts of flowers for plant reproduction-are an essential part of natural and agricultural …

This book offers a concise but comprehensive introduction to desert ecology and adopts a
strong evolutionary focus. As with other titles in the Biology of Habitats Series, the emphasis …

Perennial herbs, often with more or less developed rhizome, sometimes annual or biennial
herbs, half-shrubs or lianae. Roots adventitious, sometimes tap root developed. Leaves …

This chapter provides a general survey of the literature of floral fragrance chemistry in
relation to pollinator type and presents a tentative effort to uncover possible associations …

The concept of a generalist flower appears to mean different things to different people,
depending upon their background and training. We assess the different meanings of …

Abstract Field studies in South Africa showed that floral spur length in the Disa draconis
complex (Orchidaceae) varies enormously between populations in the southern mountains …

Background and aims Colour is one of the main floral traits used by pollinators to locate
flowers. Although pollinators show innate colour preferences, the view that the colour of a …