Background A wealth of human and experimental studies document a causal and
aggravating role of iron deficiency in neurodevelopmental disorders. While pre-, peri-, and …

The consumption of alcohol and drugs of abuse among pregnant women has experienced a
significant increase in the last decades. Suitable maternal nutritional status is crucial to …

Fetal alcohol exposure can lead to a range of developmental disorders, including impaired
fetal growth and development of multiple organ systems. These disorders are grouped …

Iron is an essential micronutrient and is important not only in carrying oxygen but also to the
catalytic activity of a variety of enzymes. In the fetus, it is vital to the synthesis of hemoglobin …

Objective Determine any effects that maternal alcohol consumption during the breastfeeding
period has on child outcomes. Methods Population-based samples of children with fetal …

Failure to thrive is an archaic term—now often replaced with growth faltering, weight
faltering, or poor weight gain—to describe a symptom of many forms of primary and …

There is increasing evidence that human pregnancy outcome can be significantly
compromised by suboptimal maternal nutritional status. Poor diet results in a maternal–fetal …

Background Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with postnatal iron deficiency
(ID), which has been shown to exacerbate deficits in growth, cognition, and behavior seen in …

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can result in cognitive and behavioral disabilities and
growth deficits. Because alcohol-related neurobehavioral deficits may occur in the absence …

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can result in a range of adverse postnatal outcomes
among exposed children. However, identifying at-risk children is challenging given the …