Functional neurological disorder (FND), previously regarded as a diagnosis of exclusion, is
now a rule-in diagnosis with available treatments. This represents a major step toward …

The population incidence of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) may be only 4% that
of epilepsy, but many patients with PNES have a tendency to seek medical attention, and …

Objective: To evaluate the effects of sleep on partial seizures arising from various brain
regions. Methods: The authors prospectively studied 133 patients with localization-related …

Brain activity and connectivity alter drastically during epileptic seizures. The brain networks
shift from a balanced resting state to a hyperactive and hypersynchronous state. It is …

Biological processes and functions are organized in space, as a physical anatomy, and time,
as a biological time structure. The latter is expressed by short-, intermediate-, and long …

Since the formal characterization of sleep stages, there have been reports that seizures may
preferentially occur in certain phases of sleep. Through ascending cholinergic connections …

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) represent a diagnostic challenge. When trying
to distinguish between PNES and epileptic seizures (ES), clinicians rely on the presence or …

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) superficially resemble epileptic seizures, but are
not associated with ictal electrical discharges in the brain. PNES constitute one of the most …

Sleep disturbance is common in epilepsy, the nature of sleep disturbances in epilepsy is
diverse, and the etiologies are complex. Evidence suggests that having epilepsy and the …

The diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) is complex. Long-term
electroencephalogram monitoring with video recording (video EEG) is the most common …