The various types of biosensors such as enzyme-based, tissue-based, immunosensors,
DNA biosensors, thermal and piezoelectric biosensors have been deliberated here to …

Unlike organic contaminants, metal (loid) s do not undergo microbial or chemical
degradation and persist for a long time after their introduction. Bioavailability of metal (loid) s …

Various whole cell-based biosensors have been reported in the literature for the last 20
years and these reports have shown great potential for their use in the areas of pollution …

Microbial biosensor which integrates different types of microorganisms, such as bacteria,
microalgae, fungi, and virus have become suitable technologies to address limitations of …

The persistence of heavy metals (HMs) in the environment causes adverse effects to all
living organisms; HMs accumulate along the food chain affecting different levels of biological …

Since the inception of industrial revolution, metal refining plants using pyrometallurgical
processes have generated the prodigious emissions of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). As the …

The growing number of pollutants requires the development of innovative analytical devices
that are precise, sensitive, specific, rapid, and easy-to-use to meet the increasing demand …

The mining industry is the major producer of acid mine drainage (AMD). The problem of
AMD concerns at active and abandoned mine sites. Acid mine drainage needs to be treated …

Food and diet are closely linked to human health, and new emerging research fields are
attempting to guarantee improvements in food quality and safety. Biosensor technology …

Using recombinant DNA technology, various whole-cell biosensors have been developed
for detection of environmental pollutants, including heavy metal ions. Whole-cell biosensors …