Bronchodilators are central in the treatment of of airways disorders. They are the mainstay of
the current management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are critical in …

Urinary retention is a condition in which impaired emptying of the bladder results in
postvoidal residual urine. It is generally classified into 'acute'or 'chronic'urinary retention …

This is an updated guideline for the diagnosis and management of allergic and non‐allergic
rhinitis, first published in 2007. It was produced by the Standards of Care Committee of the …

This guidance for the management of patients with allergic and non‐allergic rhinitis has
been prepared by the Standards of Care Committee (SOCC) of the British Society for Allergy …

Urinary incontinence and other lower urinary tract symptoms exert a major influence on the
health and independence of frail older people. Detrusor underactivity (DU) is defined as a …

The bladder is vulnerable to the adverse effects of drugs because of its complex control and
the frequent excretion of drug metabolites in the urine. Incontinence results when bladder …

Background Inhaled anticholinergic medications (IACs) are widely used treatments for
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The systemic anticholinergic effects of IAC …

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Inhaled anticholinergic drugs
have been associated with the risk of acute urinary retention (AUR), but this association was …

Inhaled anticholinergics (ipratropium bromide and tiotropium bromide) are widely used as
maintenance treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Previous studies have …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease
characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Bronchodilator therapy is the …