Molecular genetic research on bacteriophage lambda carried out during its golden age from
the mid-1950s to mid-1980s was critically important in the attainment of our current …

The main goal of drug delivery systems is to target therapeutic cargoes to desired cells and
to ensure their efficient uptake. Recently a number of studies have focused on designing bio …

Nanoscale engineering is revolutionizing the way we prevent, detect, and treat diseases.
Viruses have played a special role in these developments because they can function as …

Subunit vaccines containing one or more target antigens from pathogenic organisms
represent safer alternatives to whole pathogen vaccines. However, the antigens by …

Phage display enables to screen probes such as peptide, antibody and nanobody with high
specificity and affinity to the target, providing excellent probes for various analytical or …

Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis, the causative agents of anthrax and plague,
respectively, are two of the deadliest pathogenic bacteria that have been used as biological …

| Several diseases exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity and diverse reprogramming of
cellular pathways. To address this complexity, additional strategies and technologies must …

Protein turnover, a highly regulated process governed by the ubiquitin–proteasome system
(UPS), is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of the UPS has been …

The response by vaccine developers to the COVID-19 pandemic has been extraordinary
with effective vaccines authorized for emergency use in the United States within 1 year of the …

Biological therapeutics represent an increasing and critical component of newly approved
drugs; however, the inability to deliver biologics intracellularly in a controlled manner …