Although it is challenging for individuals with cocaine addiction to achieve abstinence, the
greatest difficulty is avoiding relapse to drug taking, which is often triggered by cues …

High rates of relapse to drug use during abstinence is a defining feature of human drug
addiction. This clinical scenario has been studied at the preclinical level using different …

Learned associations between drugs and environment play an important role in addiction
and are thought to be encoded within specific patterns of sparsely distributed neurons called …

Exposure to drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, leads to plastic changes in the activity of brain
circuits, and a prevailing view is that these changes play a part in drug addiction. Notably …

Environmental contexts previously associated with drug use provoke relapse to drug use in
humans and reinstatement of drug seeking in animal models of drug relapse. We examined …

The development of drug addiction is associated with functional adaptations within the
reward circuitry, within which the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is anatomically positioned as an …

Abstract Rationale Intermittent Access (IntA) cocaine self-administration, which models
intermittent patterns of cocaine use in humans during the transition to addiction, is especially …

The temporal pattern of drug use (pharmacokinetics) has a profound effect on the ability of
self‐administered cocaine to produce addiction‐like behavior in rodents, and to change the …

Background The incubation of cue-induced drug craving in rodents provides a model of
persistent vulnerability to craving and relapse in human addicts. After prolonged withdrawal …

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) sends excitatory projections to the nucleus accumbens
(NAc) and regulates motivated behaviors partially by activating NAc medium spiny neurons …