Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, are a global public health
burden with poorly understood aetiology. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and
pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the …

The gastrointestinal tract is a highly proliferative and regenerative tissue. The intestine also
harbors a large and diverse microbial population collectively called the gut microbiome …

Heme-oxygenase is the enzyme responsible for degradation of endogenous iron
protoporphyirin heme; it catalyzes the reaction's rate-limiting step, resulting in the release of …

Iron is a transition metal that due to its inherent ability to exchange electrons with a variety of
molecules is essential to support life. In mammals, iron exists mostly in the form of heme …

Carbon monoxide (CO) is increasingly being accepted as a cytoprotective and homeostatic
molecule with important signalling capabilities in physiological and pathophysiological …

The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme system remains an attractive therapeutic target for
the treatment of inflammatory conditions. HO-1, a cellular stress protein, serves a vital …

Under stressful conditions, cellular heme catabolism to carbon monoxide, iron and biliverdin
is mediated by the 32 kDa enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). A wide range of pro-oxidant …

Uric acid is considered a major antioxidant in human blood that may protect against aging
and oxidative stress. Despite its proposed protective properties, elevated levels of uric acid …

Carbon monoxide (CO) is continuously produced in mammalian cells during the
degradation of heme. It is a stable gaseous molecule that reacts selectively with transition …