Cells are crowded, but proteins are almost always studied in dilute aqueous buffer. We
review the experimental evidence that crowding affects the equilibrium thermodynamics of …

A large German research consortium mainly within the Max Planck Society (“MaxSynBio”)
was formed to investigate living systems from a fundamental perspective. The research …

Cyan variants of green fluorescent protein are widely used as donors in Förster resonance
energy transfer experiments. The popular, but modestly bright, Enhanced Cyan Fluorescent …

A growing number of studies are revealing that cells can send and receive information by
controlling the temporal behavior (dynamics) of their signaling molecules. In this Review, we …

The spatial and temporal organization of molecules within a cell is critical for coordinating
the many distinct activities carried out by the cell. In an increasing number of biological …

Although we have amassed extensive catalogues of signalling network components, our
understanding of the spatiotemporal control of emergent network structures has lagged …

Protein and genetic interaction maps can reveal the overall physical and functional
landscape of a biological system. To date, these interaction maps have typically been …

Proteins perform most cellular functions in macromolecular complexes. The same protein
often participates in different complexes to exhibit diverse functionality. Current ensemble …

We provide a standard phosphate-affinity SDS-PAGE (Mn2+–Phos-tag SDS-PAGE)
protocol, in which Phos-tag is used to analyze large phosphoproteins with molecular …

Endocytosis has long been thought of as simply a way for cells to internalize nutrients and
membrane-associated molecules. But an explosive growth in knowledge has given a new …