Ever-increasing global energy consumption has driven the development of renewable
energy technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Battery energy …

Metal-organic framework (MOF) composites are considered to be one of the most vital
energy storage materials due to their advantages of high porousness, multifunction, various …

Regulating the electronic states of single atomic sites around the Fermi level remains a
major concern for boosting the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a …

The development of highly efficient and economical materials for the oxygen reduction
reaction (ORR) plays a key role in practical energy conversion technologies. However, the …

Dual-atom catalysts, particularly those with heteronuclear active sites, have the potential to
outperform the well-established single-atom catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction, but the …

Porphyrin-based frameworks, as specific kinds of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and
covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have been widely used in energy-related conversion …

Single iron atom and nitrogen-codoped carbon (Fe–N–C) electrocatalysts, which have great
potential to catalyze the kinetically sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), have been …

Since the initial landmark study on the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect in 1999,
considerable experimental and theoretical efforts have been made to understand the …

Metal oxides and oxyhydroxides exhibit state-of-the-art activity for the oxygen evolution
reaction (OER); however, their reaction mechanism, particularly the relationship between …

The sluggish kinetics of Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) at the cathode in proton
exchange membrane fuel cells or metal-air batteries requires highly effective and stable …