Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the main microvascular complications of both type 1 and
type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sometimes, this could already be present at the time of diagnosis …

The signaling lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays critical roles in an immune
response. Drugs targeting S1P signaling have been remarkably successful in treatment of …

In response to repulsive cues, axonal growth cones can quickly retract. This requires the
prompt activity of contractile actomyosin, which is formed by the non-muscle myosin II (NMII) …

Altered levels of sphingolipids and their metabolites in the brain, and the related
downstream effects on neuronal homeostasis and the immune system, provide a framework …

Fingolimod is a well-tolerated, highly effective disease-modifying therapy successfully
utilized in the management of multiple sclerosis. The active metabolite, fingolimod …

Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are a family of ubiquitously expressed,
homologous phosphoproteins best known for coordinating cytoskeletal formation and …

Highlights•The mechanism of HGWD intervention DPN was studied for the first time by
combining metabolomics and microbiomics.•HGWD can ameliorate the phenotype of …

Numerous experimental studies demonstrate that the Ras homolog family of guanosine
triphosphate hydrolases (Rho GTPases) Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), Ras-related …

In contrast to pain processing neurons in the spinal cord, where the importance of chloride
conductances is already well established, chloride homeostasis in primary afferent neurons …

Summary Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite. The past
decade has witnessed exponential growth in the field of S1P research, partly attributed to …