Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Rapid progress is being made in understanding the roles of the cerebral meninges in the
maintenance of normal brain function, in immune surveillance, and as a site of disease. Most …

The amygdala plays key roles in fear and anxiety. Studies of the amygdala have largely
focused on neuronal function and connectivity. Astrocytes functionally interact with neurons …

Sensory stimulation evokes intracellular calcium signals in astrocytes; however, the timing of
these signals is disputed. Here, we used novel combinations of genetically encoded calcium …

Astrocytes, a subtype of glial cells, come in variety of forms and functions. However,
overarching role of these cell is in the homeostasis of the brain, be that regulation of ions …

Diagnostic approaches based on multimodal imaging are needed for accurate selection of
the therapeutic regimens in several diseases, although the dose of administered contrast …

Astrocytes connect the vasculature to neurons mediating the supply of nutrients and
biochemicals. They are involved in a growing number of physiological and …

Localized, heterogeneous calcium transients occur throughout astrocytes, but the
characteristics and long-term stability of these signals, particularly in response to sensory …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal paralytic disorder caused by dysfunction and
degeneration of motor neurons. Multiple disease-causing mutations, including in the genes …

The innate immune system is comprised of cellular sentinels that often serve as the first
responders to injury and invading pathogens. Our basic understanding of innate immunity is …