Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central
nervous system afflicting nearly three million individuals worldwide. Neuroimmune …

It has been noticed in recent years that the unfavorable effects of the gut microbiota could
exhaust host vigor and life, yet knowledge and theory are just beginning to be established …

Changes in gut microbiota have been associated with several diseases. Here, the
International Multiple Sclerosis Microbiome Study (iMSMS) studied the gut microbiome of …

B cells represent a relatively minor cell population within both the healthy and diseased
central nervous system (CNS), yet they can have profound effects. This is emphasized in …

The CNS is ensheathed by the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid, and recent findings
suggest that these CNS-associated border tissues have complex immunological functions …

During the past decade, research has revealed that the vast community of micro-organisms
that inhabit the gut—known as the gut microbiota—is intricately linked to human health and …

Trillions of microbes survive and thrive inside the human body. These tiny creatures are
crucial to the development and maturation of our immune system and to maintain gut …

Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play active roles
in health and disease. Recent technologies have uncovered the functional heterogeneity of …

Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that control multiple
aspects of health and disease. Through their interactions with components of the blood …

The structural complexity of glycans poses a serious challenge in the chemical synthesis of
glycosides, oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. Glycan complexity, determined by …