Directed evolution aims to expedite the natural evolution process of biological molecules
and systems in a test tube through iterative rounds of gene diversifications and library …

Forming the inner layer of the vascular system, endothelial cells (ECs) facilitate a multitude
of crucial physiological processes throughout the body. Vascular ECs enable the vessel wall …

Peptide–and protein–nanoparticle conjugates have emerged as powerful tools for
biomedical applications, enabling the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of disease. In …

Combinatorial phage library is a powerful research tool for high-throughput screening of
protein interactions. Of all available molecular display techniques, phage display has proven …

Recently, phage display technology has been announced as the recipient of Nobel Prize in
Chemistry 2018. Phage display technique allows high affinity target-binding peptides to be …

Inorganic nanostructures that interface with biological systems have recently attracted
widespread interest in biology and medicine. Nanoparticles are thought to have potential as …

Mechanistic insights into the role of the human microbiome in the predisposition to and
treatment of disease are limited by the lack of methods to precisely add or remove microbial …

In response to the emergence of pathogenic bacteria that cannot be treated with current
antibiotics, many researchers are revisiting the use of bacteriophages, or phages, to fight …

Phage that display a surface peptide with the NGR sequence motif home selectively to tumor
vasculature in vivo. A drug coupled to an NGR peptide has more potent antitumor effects …

Recently it has been recognized that bacteriophages, the natural predators of bacteria can
be used efficiently in modern biotechnology. They have been proposed as alternatives to …