Optical measurement of membrane potential is a new tool for physiologists and has already
found many applications. However, the number of possible pitfalls is alarming, particularly in …

Sodium-dependent neurotransmitter transport has been studied initially in relatively intact
preparation^^-^ such as brain slices or synaptosomes. The latter are pinched-off terminals …

The NLRP3 inflammasome is an important component of the innate immune system.
However, its mechanism of activation remains largely unknown. We show that NLRP3 …

There are two basically different mechanisms for the fluorescence and absorption changes
of merocyanine, cyanine and oxonol dyes. The permeant dyes (cyanine and oxonol dyes …

A method is described, based on the differential accumulation of Rb+ and
methyltriphenylphosphonium, for the simultaneous estimation of the membrane potentials …

Detached synapses (synaptosomes), first isolated by the author in 1958 and identified as
such in 1960, are sealed presynaptic nerve terminals often with a portion of the target cell …

With the advent of cloning, sequencing, and patchclamping techniques, knowledge of the
postsynaptic actions of amino acid neurotransmitters has undergone a dramatic advance …

Emerging evidence indicates that protein synthesis and degradation are necessary for the
remodeling of synapses. These two processes govern cellular protein turnover, are tightly …

The uptake and efflux of 54Mn and 45Ca, and the release of dopamine (DA) were measured
in pinched‐off presynaptic nerve endings (synaptosomes) isolated from rat brain. The …

Cytosolic calcium ion concentrations ([Ca2+] i) were measured in rat neocortical
synaptosomes using fura‐2, and depolarization of synaptosomal membranes was induced …