Virtually every eukaryotic cell has an endogenous circadian clock and a biological sex.
These cell-based clocks have been conceptualized as oscillators whose phase can be reset …

Women are more likely than men to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and
major depression. In addition to their sex bias, these disorders share stress as an etiological …

We delineated a heritable phenotype resulting from the self-administration of cocaine in rats.
We observed delayed acquisition and reduced maintenance of cocaine self-administration …

Epigenetic changes in the nervous system are emerging as a critical component of enduring
effects induced by early life experience, hormonal exposure, trauma and injury, or learning …

Compelling studies have demonstrated that “gender identity”—a person's inner sense of self
as male, female, or occasionally a category other than male or female—is not simply a …

Cerebral responses to putative pheromones and objects of sexual attraction were recently
found to differ between homo-and heterosexual subjects. Although this observation may …

Rapid advances in the neural control of social behavior highlight the role of interconnected
nodes engaged in differential information processing to generate behavior. Many innate …

Humans are routinely exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogenic chemical present in food
and beverage containers, dental composites, and many products in the home and …

Gonadal steroids have remarkable developmental effects on sex-dependent brain
organization and behavior in animals. Presumably, fetal or neonatal gonadal steroids are …

Sex differences exist in behaviors, disease and neuropsychiatric disorders. Sexual
dimorphisms however, have yet to be studied across the whole brain and across a …