Despite advances in machine learning-based protein structure prediction, we are still far
from fully understanding how proteins fold into their native conformation. The conventional …

The advent of ribosome profiling and other tools to probe mRNA translation has revealed
that codon bias—the uneven use of synonymous codons in the transcriptome—serves as a …

Summary mRNA degradation represents a critical regulated step in gene expression.
Although the major pathways in turnover have been identified, accounting for disparate half …

The redundancy of the genetic code implies that most amino acids are encoded by multiple
synonymous codons. In all domains of life, a biased frequency of synonymous codons is …

Codon usage bias is a universal feature of eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes and has
been proposed to regulate translation efficiency, accuracy, and protein folding based on the …

Codon usage bias, the preference for certain synonymous codons, is found in all genomes.
Although synonymous mutations were previously thought to be silent, a large body of …

Codon usage biases are found in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes, and preferred
codons are more frequently used in highly expressed genes. The effects of codon usage on …

The genetic code is degenerate, and most amino acids are encoded by two to six
synonymous codons. Codon usage bias, the preference for certain synonymous codons, is a …

Despite their name, synonymous mutations have significant consequences for cellular
processes in all taxa. As a result, an understanding of codon bias is central to fields as …

Maximal growth rate is a basic parameter of microbial lifestyle that varies over several orders
of magnitude, with doubling times ranging from a matter of minutes to multiple days. Growth …