The amygdala is a limbic brain region that plays a key role in emotional processing,
neuropsychiatric disorders, and the emotional‐affective dimension of pain. Preclinical and …

Increased tonic activity of locus coeruleus noradrenergic (LC-NE) neurons induces anxiety-
like and aversive behavior. While some information is known about the afferent circuitry that …

Learning is mediated by experience-dependent plasticity in neuronal circuits. Activity in
neuronal circuits is tightly regulated by different subtypes of inhibitory interneurons, yet their …

Orchestrating appropriate behavioral responses in the face of competing signals that predict
either rewards or threats in the environment is crucial for survival. The basolateral nucleus of …

Switching between exploratory and defensive behaviour is fundamental to survival of many
animals, but how this transition is achieved by specific neuronal circuits is not known. Here …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is implicated in processing of the affective state of others through
non-verbal communication. This social cognitive function is thought to rely on an intact …

Depression and anxiety are diagnosed almost twice as often in women, and the
symptomology differs in men and women and is sensitive to sex hormones. The basolateral …

The brain contains an astonishing diversity of neurons, each expressing only one set of ion
channels out of the billions of potential channel combinations. Simple organizing principles …

The explore-exploit dilemma refers to the challenge of deciding when to forego immediate
rewards and explore new opportunities that could lead to greater rewards in the future …

The amygdala is important for determining the emotional significance of environmental
stimuli. However, the degree to which appetitive and aversive stimuli are processed by the …