We present key results from the 2023 Methods-of-Payment (MOP) Survey, including updated
payment shares based on a three-day shopping diary. Results show that measures of cash …

Attempts to measure and track the Indigenous economy in Canada are limited by data
availability and quality. Also, little is known about the business environment on reserves …

Cash, COVID-19 and the Prospects for a Canadian Digital Dollar Page 1 Bank of Canada
staff discussion papers are completed staff research studies on a wide variety of subjects …

This paper analyses the payment habits of Canadians both in the current payment
environment and in a hypothetical cashless environment. The paper also considers whether …

This paper introduces a subjective measure of cash accessibility in Canada, complementing
existing distance-based metrics developed by Chen, O'Habib and Xiao (2023). Analyzing …

Existing work has highlighted several unique factors that made the COVID-19 pandemic
response and the ensuing health impacts of the pandemic different for Indigenous Peoples …

This paper develops a travel-based metric to measure Canadians' access to cash from
automated banking machines (ABMs) and financial institution branches. Our findings …

Executive summary A well-functioning Indigenous-controlled and led financial system is
essential to restoring Indigenous economic prosperity to promote investment, economic …