The brain is a highly metabolically active organ requiring a large amount of glucose.
Methylglyoxal (MGO), a by-product of glucose metabolism, is known to be involved in …

Neuroinflammation is a common feature during the development of neurological disorders
and neurodegenerative diseases, where glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, play …

S100B is a 21-kDa protein that is produced and secreted by astrocytes and widely used as a
marker of brain injury in clinical and experimental studies. The majority of these studies are …

Objectives: Cortical neuron-released exosomes have been demonstrated to block
inflammasome activation in the central nervous system. This study aimed to investigate …

Metformin, a biguanide compound (N-1, 1-dimethylbiguanide), is widely prescribed for
diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) treatment. It also presents a plethora of properties, such as …

S100B is a calcium-binding protein produced and secreted by astrocytes in response to
various extracellular stimuli. C6 glioma cells are a lineage commonly employed for astroglial …

Astrocytes are abundant cell types in the vertebrate central nervous system and can act as
neural stem cells in specialized niches where they constitutively generate new neurons …

Introduction: Pain is a clinically relevant health care issue with limited therapeutic options,
creating the need for new and improved analgesic strategies. The amygdala is a limbic brain …

Methylglyoxal (MG) is considered a classical biomarker of diabetes mellitus and its
comorbidities. However, a role for this compound in exacerbated immune responses, such …

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's
Disease, and is related to cellular and tissue damage. In the present study, we verified the …