This is the first study analyzing the volatility connectedness and time-frequency
interdependence between AI index and clean energy index. Specifically, we use the QVAR …

Abstract n recent years, most advanced economies have adopted or tightened their existing
foreign investment screening mechanisms (ISMs), which empower national authorities to …

Using customs and balance sheet data for Italy, we identify foreign-dependent products
(FDPs) and quantify the effect of any disruptions to those products. Our framework allows us …

Motivación En las últimas décadas, se ha incrementado la dependencia de la Unión
Europea (UE) y de España con respecto a terceros países en la importación de productos …

Motivación Una fragmentación geopolítica del comercio mundial, caracterizada por el
surgimiento de dos bloques de países que restringen el comercio a los países que no …

Since 2020, the European Semester has been immersed in a large-scale restructuring
process, to adapt to an environment in constant change. During the 2023 cycle, economic …

Motivación Desde 2020, el Semestre Europeo está inmerso en un importante proceso de
reestructuración, para adaptarse a un contexto en constante cambio. Al mismo tiempo, ha …

Policymakers around the world are encouraging the local production of key inputs to reduce
risks from excessive dependencies on foreign suppliers. We analyse the macroeconomic …

Openness to foreign investments is associated with risks. To mitigate these risks, many high-
income countries have strengthened the control of foreign investments over the last decade …

Rationale A geopolitical fragmentation of world trade, ie the emergence of two blocs that
restrict trade with countries in the other bloc, has recently become a more likely prospect …