This book presents a unique opportunity for constructing a consistent image of collaborative
manual annotation for Natural Language Processing (NLP). NLP has witnessed two major …

The present submission focuses on the concept of stand-off annotation as it is implemented
in the current version of the TEI Guidelines. We look at the motivation for choosing the stand …

Seamless integration of various, often heterogeneous linguistic resources (in terms of their
output formats) and merging of the respective annotation layers are crucial tasks for …

In this paper we describe the extended standoff approach defined by XStandoff (the
successor of the Sekimo Generic Format, SGF), together with the accompanied collection of …

The annotation of textual information is a fundamental activity in Linguistics and
Computational Linguistics. This article presents various observations on annotations. It …

The present paper deals with the visualization of concurrent markup. An initial discussion of
the underlying model of XML instances demonstrates that valid XML exceeds the expressive …

Multistructured (MS) data models were introduced to allow the expression of multilevel,
concurrent annotation. However, most models lack either a consistent or an efficient …

We describe the structure and the features of the Foreign Language Examination Corpus, a
University of Warsaw project, launched on the initiative of the University Council for the …

Digital text is quickly becoming essential to modern daily life. The article you are reading
right now is born digital; unlike texts of the not-so-distant past, it may never be printed at all …

Seamless integration of various, often heterogeneous linguistic resources in terms of their
output formats and a combined analysis of the respective annotation layers are crucial tasks …