Refractories are indispensable for all high temperatures processes, such as the production
of metals, cement, glass and ceramics. It is estimated that up to 28 million tons of spent …

Abstract Development of nano carbon containing magnesia graphite refractories to reduce
the total carbon content is urgently required for application of low carbon steel smelting. In …

Increasingly stringent environmental regulations and industry adoption of waste
minimization guidelines have thus, stimulated the need for the development of recycling and …

The study focuses on the application of MgO-C scrap without carbon removal step in the
composition of new basic products. The compositions containing 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of …

Abstract Magnesia-carbon (MgO-C) refractories are used in the steel industry, where, after
their life cycle, they are replaced by new ones. Consequently, a large amount of spent MgO …

Two magnesia-carbon (MgO–C) recyclates were investigated with respect to their utilization
as raw materials for MgO–C refractories. X-ray diffraction and backscattered electron …

Waste magnesia refractory bricks (MRBs) that remain from industrial production are
landfilled in large quantities or recovered to prepare recycled bricks with low added value. In …

The partial replacement of primary raw materials for the production of refractories with
recycled ones gains in importance, as it contributes to the conservation of natural resources …

Nowadays, huge amounts of refractory materials are generated around the world. The
majority of them lack valorization methods. This study analyzes the ability of a doloma and …

The copper industry continuously uses great amounts of Cr-containing refractories, which
are installed in all heating devices, despite their known negative environmental impact. The …