The pancreatic β-cell plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only
hormone capable of lowering the blood glucose concentration. Impaired insulin secretion …

The discovery of insulin 100 years ago and its application to the treatment of human disease
in the years since have marked a major turning point in the history of medicine. The …

In a society where physical activity is limited and food supply is abundant, metabolic
diseases are becoming a serious epidemic. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an expanding global health problem, closely linked to
the epidemic of obesity. Individuals with T2DM are at high risk for both microvascular …

Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. It is
well accepted that beta cell dysfunction is required for hyperglycaemia to occur. The …

Insulin, a hormone produced by pancreatic β-cells, has a primary function of maintaining
glucose homeostasis. Deficiencies in β-cell insulin secretion result in the development of …

Insulin resistance is a major underlying mechanism for the “metabolic syndrome”, which is
also known as insulin resistance syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is increasing at an …

Melatonin is an old and ubiquitous molecule in nature showing multiple mechanisms of
action and functions in practically every living organism. In mammals, pineal melatonin …

The regulation of islet cell biology is critical for glucose homeostasis. N 6-methyladenosine
(m6A) is the most abundant internal messenger RNA (mRNA) modification in mammals …

T cells represent a critical effector of cell-mediated immunity. Activated T cells engage in
metabolic reprogramming during effector differentiation to accommodate dynamic changes …