INTRODUCTION In human cells, 2 m of DNA are compacted in the nucleus through
assembly with histones and other proteins into chromatin structures, megabase three …

The folding of the chromatin filament and, in particular, the organization of genomic DNA
within metaphase chromosomes has attracted the interest of many laboratories during the …

Experimental evidence indicates that the chromatin filament is self‐organized into a
multilayer planar structure that is densely stacked in metaphase and unstacked in …

Cryo‐electron tomography and small‐angle X‐ray scattering were used to investigate the
chromatin folding in metaphase chromosomes. The tomographic 3D reconstructions show …

The three-dimensional organization of tightly condensed chromatin within metaphase
chromosomes has been one of the most challenging problems in structural biology since the …

This perspective aims to identify the relationships between the structural and dynamic
properties of chromosomes and the fundamental properties of soft-matter systems …

Nanomechanics has played a vital role in pushing our capability to detect, probe, and
manipulate the biological species, such as proteins, cells, and tissues, paving way to a …

The long genomic DNA molecules in eukaryotes are fragile and prone to entanglement, and
must be tightly folded to fit into the micrometric dimensions of mitotic chromosomes. Histones …

Previous studies indicated that mitotic chromosome structure consists of many stacked
layers formed by a mononucleosome sheet folded as a helicoid. This multilayer chromatin …

Male infertility affects approximately 7% of the male population. In about 40% of affected
patients, the etiology remains unknown. Here, we report the cases of two infertile brothers …