Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) for the treatment of chronic pain has become an
increasingly important field in the arena of neuromodulation, given the ongoing advances in …

Results The first noninvasive neurostimulator device approved for migraine treatment was
the Cefaly device, an external trigeminal nerve stimulation device (e-TNS) that …

The field of neuromodulation has seen unprecedented growth over the course of the last
decade with novel waveforms, hardware advancements, and novel chronic pain indications …

Central sensitization is an important pathophysiological mechanism underlying chronic
migraine (CM). Previous studies have shown that microglial activation and subsequent …

Background Stimulation of the occipital or trigeminal nerves has been successfully used to
treat chronic refractory neurovascular headaches such as migraine or cluster headache, and …

The neuromodulation of the greater occipital nerve (GON) has proved effective to treat
chronic refractory neurovascular headaches, in particular migraine and cluster headache …

Introduction Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) is used to treat therapy-resistant chronic
migraine. Clinical use has resulted in a wide intraindividual and interindividual variation of …

BACKGROUND Chronic migraine (CM) is a highly debilitating disease, and many patients
remain refractory to medicinal therapy. Given the convergent nature of neuronal networks in …

Evaluation of the efficacy of therapeutic ultrasound in the treatment of migraine - PMC Back to
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Chronic migraines (CM) are the third most common disease and are refractory to medical
treatment in 15% of patients. Currently, temporary relief is achieved with steroid blocks or …