In the last two decades, considerable interest has been shown in understanding the
development of the gut microbiota and its internal and external effects on the intestine, as …

Numerous studies have indicated that the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is strictly associated with the accumulation of toxic …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a progressive disorder, which is increasing globally in
prevalence due to the increased incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Despite optimal …

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is induced by abnormal purine metabolism and elevated serum uric
acid (UA) concentrations, and it is often accompanied by inflammatory responses and …

Background: Targeting the gut microbiota may become a new therapeutic to prevent and
delay the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nonetheless, the causal relationship …

The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a diverse range of microbial species, which helps
to regulate various biological processes such as homeostasis of the gut barrier, stimulation …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major and serious global health problem that leads to
kidney damage as well as multiple systemic diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment are two …

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is generated in a microbial-mammalian co-metabolic
pathway mainly from the digestion of meat-containing food and dietary quaternary amines …

Traditional dietary recommendations to renal patients limited the intake of fruits and
vegetables because of their high potassium content. However, this paradigm is rapidly …

Chronic kidney disease is highly prevalent worldwide. The decline of renal function is
associated with inadequate removal of a variety of uremic toxins that exert detrimental …