Real-time three-dimensional single-particle tracking (RT-3D-SPT) allows continuous
detection of individual freely diffusing objects with high spatiotemporal precision by applying …

Active optics such as deformable mirrors can be used to control both focal depth and
aberrations during scanning laser microscopy. If the focal depth can be changed …

Fiber-coupled laser tools combine the precision of lasers with the flexibility of optical fibers.
They have been used in surgical procedures, such as transoral microsurgery, to perform …

Electrostatically actuated deformable mirrors with four concentric annular electrodes can
exert independent control over defocus as well as primary, secondary, and tertiary spherical …

A bimorph varifocal micromirror actuated thermoelectrically by a Peltier element is reported.
The single-crystal silicon micromirror is 1.2 mm in diameter with a centered 1-mm-diameter …

Active optics can facilitate two-photon microscopic imaging deep in tissue. We are
investigating fast focus control mirrors used in concert with an aberration correction mirror to …

Micro-electro-mechanical systems deformable-membrane mirrors provide a means of focus
control and attendant spherical aberration correction for miniaturized imaging systems. The …

We present the evolution of initial imaging experiments and micro-electro-mechanical
systems mirrors toward a commercialized product. Feasibility of 10-mm-diameter …

A dynamic focus and zoom system with three MEMS mirrors, three prisms, three beam
splitters, three fixed lenses and an optical relay, all within a housing. The second prism, first …

Today, lasers are used in many surgical procedures due to their ability of performing precise
incisions, and ablations. With the development of fiber-coupled lasers, even minimally …