Biomedical research is undergoing a paradigm shift towards approaches centred on human
disease models owing to the notoriously high failure rates of the current drug development …

Biological sex, being female or male, broadly influences diverse immune phenotypes,
including immune responses to diseases at mucosal surfaces. Sex hormones, sex …

Inflammation generally leads to recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages. What
regulates the fate of these cells and to what extent they can assume the identity and function …

Chemokine CXC motif ligand 13 (CXCL13), originally identified as a B-cell chemokine, plays
an important role in the immune system. The interaction between CXCL13 and its receptor …

Patients with acute liver failure (ALF) have systemic innate immune suppression and
increased susceptibility to infections. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression by …

There are notable sex-based differences in immune responses to pathogens and self-
antigens, with female individuals exhibiting increased susceptibility to various autoimmune …

Eradication of pathogens from the bloodstream is critical to prevent disseminated infections
and sepsis. Kupffer cells in the liver form an intravascular firewall that captures and clears …

Tissue-resident macrophages require specific milieus for the maintenance of defining gene-
expression programs. Expression of the transcription factor GATA6 is required for the …

Background Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, it was noted that males seemed to have
higher case-fatality rates than females. We examined the magnitude and consistency of the …

Highlights•Unique developmental paths generate self-reactive B-1 constraint in BCR
responses.•Extensive repertoire shaping of B-1 cells for months after birth.•Accumulating …