For the ancient Egyptians, the Middle Kingdom (c. 2000-1700 BC) was a classical period of
art, history and literature. The Twelfth Dynasty was one of the strongest ever to rule on the …

This article discusses major granulation finds in the ancient world from ca. 2500 to 1400
BCE, and explores this technique for its usefulness as an index of culture and date …

Evidence for the system of written communications used in Egypt's administration of its forts
is sparse. Of the papyri that exist, the “Semna Dispatches” has provided most of the …

At first it might be a bit surprising that a number of classical topics like 'C-Group','Pan-
Grave'or Kerma-Culture are not treated as separate chapters. These terms were coined 100 …

Our current understanding of the ancient Nubian people called the Medjay has been
informed by textual and artistic representations created by the ancient Egyptians. By …

The Ägyptisches Museum–Georg Steindorff–der Universität Leipzig (usually abbreviated
ÄMUL; located in the Free State of Saxony in Germany) holds an important collection of …

During the Middle Kingdom, the pharaohs of the 12th Dynasty abandoned the Late Old
Kingdom approach of pursuing their interests in Lower Nubia through intermediaries and …

Excavations at the Town of Enduring-are-the-Places-of-Khakaure-Maa-Kheru-in-Abydos A
Preliminary Report on the 1994 and 1997 Sea Page 1 Excavations at the Town of Enduring-are-the-Places-of-Khakaure-Maa-Kheru-in-Abydos …

Regional Control in Middle Kingdom Lower Nubia: The Function and History of the Site of
Areika Page 1 Regional Control in Middle Kingdom Lower Nubia: The Function and History of …

This paper examines the relationship between marginal Nubian communities—who are
culturally different and who occupy peripheral contexts—and the Kerma “pastoral state” in …