Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is characterized by progressive stiffening of aortic valve (AV) tissues, inducing stenosis and insufficiency. Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a common …
Within the aortic valve (AV) leaflet exists a population of interstitial cells (AVICs) that maintain the constituent tissues by extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion, degradation, and …