Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in biological processes and continuous
ROS production in normal cells is controlled by the appropriate regulation between the silver …

Chemotherapeutic drugs are used to treat advanced stages of cancer or following surgery.
However, cancers often develop resistance against drugs, leading to failure of treatment and …

Central nervous system (CNS) maintains a high level of metabolism, which leads to the
generation of large amounts of free radicals, and it is also one of the most vulnerable organs …

Advanced stages of cancer are highly associated with short overall survival in patients due
to the lack of long-term treatment options following the standard form of care. New options …

Drug resistance remains the major cause of cancer treatment failure especially at the late
stage of the disease. However, based on their versatile chemistry, metal and metalloid …

Thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs) belong to the pyridine nucleotide disulfide oxidoreductase
family enzymes that reduce thioredoxin (Trx). The couple TrxR and Trx is one of the major …

Oxidative stress involves the increased production and accumulation of free radicals,
peroxides, and other metabolites that are collectively termed reactive oxygen species (ROS) …

Selenium (Se), one of the indispensable nutrients for both human health and animal growth,
participates in various physiological functions, such as antioxidant and immune responses …

With the widespread global impact of cancer on humans and the extensive side effects
associated with current cancer treatments, a novel, effective, and safe treatment is needed …

Monoclonal antibodies targeting the programmed-death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint or its
ligand PD-L1 have significantly improved the treatment of cancers but more efficient drugs …