Trauma can affect any individual at any location and at any time over a lifespan. The
disruption of macrobarriers and microbarriers induces instant activation of innate immunity …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health and socioeconomic problem throughout the
world. It is a complicated pathological process that consists of primary insults and a …

Brain injury induces a peripheral acute cytokine response that directs the transmigration of
leukocytes into the brain. Because this brain-to-peripheral immune communication affects …

The spinal cord is a conduit within the central nervous system (CNS) that provides ongoing
communication between the brain and the rest of the body, conveying complex sensory and …

Traumatic injury to the brain (TBI) results in a complex set of responses involving various
symptoms and long-term consequences. TBI of any form can cause cognitive, behavioral …

The trillions of microbes that exist in the gastrointestinal tract have emerged as pivotal
regulators of mammalian development and physiology. Disruption of this gut microbiome, a …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event that results in significant physical disabilities
for affected individuals. Apart from local injury within the spinal cord, SCI patients develop a …

Chronic inflammation is often associated with alcohol-related medical conditions. The key
inducer of such inflammation, and also the best understood, is gut microflora-derived …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has a complex pathophysiology. Following the initial physical
trauma to the spinal cord, which may cause vascular disruption, hemorrhage, mechanical …

Neuroinflammatory conditions such as traumatic brain injury, aging, Alzheimer's disease,
and Down syndrome are often associated with cognitive dysfunction. Much research has …