Dental enamel is the hardest and most mineralized tissue in extinct and extant vertebrate
species and provides maximum durability that allows teeth to function as weapons and/or …

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is the name given to a heterogeneous group of conditions
characterized by inherited developmental enamel defects. AI enamel is abnormally thin, soft …

The phylogenetic relationships between hominins of the Early Pleistocene epoch in Eurasia,
such as Homo antecessor, and hominins that appear later in the fossil record during the …

The tooth provides an excellent system for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of
organogenesis, and has thus been of longstanding interest to developmental and stem cell …

This review focuses on recent discoveries and delves in detail about what is known about
each of the proteins (amelogenin, ameloblastin, and enamelin) and proteinases (matrix …

Enamel is a hard nanocomposite bioceramic with significant resilience that protects the
mammalian tooth from external physical and chemical damages. The remarkable …

Two proteases are secreted into the enamel matrix of developing teeth. The early protease
is enamelysin (MMP-20). The late protease is kallikrein 4 (KLK4). Mutations in MMP20 and …

Enamelin is critical for proper dental enamel formation, and defects in the human enamelin
gene cause autosomal dominant amelogenesis imperfecta. We used gene targeting to …

Objectives Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression has been associated with tissue
development, invasive cancer cell behavior, and inflammation. The associations of …

In temperate and subtropical regions, ancient proteins are reported to survive up to about 2
million years, far beyond the known limits of ancient DNA preservation in the same areas …