Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a key mediator of angiogenesis, signalling
via the class IV tyrosine kinase receptor family of VEGF Receptors (VEGFRs). Although …

The polarized phenotype of the retinal pigment epithelium is crucial for the outer retina-
blood barrier and support of photoreceptors and underlying choroid, and its disruption plays …

Sex differences in neurological disease extend from incidence, severity, progression and
symptoms and may ultimately influence treatment. Cognitive disturbances are frequent in …

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) comprises a monolayer of cells located between the
neuroretina and the choriocapillaries. The RPE serves several important functions in the …

Icariin is a major active component of the traditional herb Epimedium, also known as Horny
Goat Weed. It has been extensively studied throughout the past several years and is known …

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), situated upon Bruch's membrane, plays multiple roles
in the ocular system by interacting with photoreceptors and. Therefore, dysfunction of the …

To study the effects of curcumin on human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells exposed to
high glucose (HG) insult, we performed in vitro studies on RPE cells cultured both in normal …

Abstract Antagonists of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Anti-VEGF) are widely
administered by intravitreal injection for the treatment of ocular pathologies such as Age …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a secondary complication of diabetes, is a leading cause of
irreversible blindness accounting for 5% of world blindness cases in working age. Oxidative …

Retinal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increased by neovascularization is well
known as a pathogenic factor in ocular neovascular diseases. However, it is still unclear …