Bacterial anti-phage systems are frequently clustered in microbial genomes, forming
defense islands. This property enabled the recent discovery of multiple defense systems …

Advances in next‐generation sequencing suggest that RNA‐Seq is poised to supplant
microarray‐based approaches for transcriptome analysis. This article briefly reviews the use …

Oxygen is one of the important substances for the survival of most life systems on the earth,
and plateau and underground burrow systems are two typical hypoxic environments. Small …

The blind mole rat (BMR), Spalax galili, is an excellent model for studying mammalian
adaptation to life underground and medical applications. The BMR spends its entire life …

Urbanization is a major cause of ecological degradation around the world, and human
settlement in large cities is accelerating. New York City (NYC) is one of the oldest and most …

Background Subterranean blind mole rats (Spalax) are hypoxia tolerant (down to 3% O 2),
long lived (> 20 years) rodents showing no clear signs of aging or aging related disorders. In …

Lack of oxygen is life threatening for most mammals. It is therefore of biomedical interest to
investigate the adaptive mechanisms which enable mammalian species to tolerate …

Abstract Background Naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber, NMRs) and blind mole-rats
(Spalax galili, BMRs) are representative subterranean rodents that have evolved many …

Among mammals, several lineages have independently adapted to a subterranean niche
and possess similar phenotypic traits for burrowing (eg, cylindrical bodies, short limbs, and …

African mole-rats are subterranean rodents inhabiting underground burrows. This habitat
entails risks of overheating, hypoxia, and scarce food availability. Consequently, many …