Schemas are superordinate knowledge structures that reflect abstracted commonalities
across multiple experiences, exerting powerful influences over how events are perceived …

We rely on our long-term memories to guide future behaviors, making it adaptive to prioritize
the retention of goal-relevant, salient information in memory. In this review, we discuss …

Recently an influx of studies claims emergent cognitive abilities in large language models
(LLMs). Yet, most rely on anecdotes, overlook contamination of training sets, or lack …

Although every life event is unique, there are considerable commonalities across events.
However, little is known about whether or how the brain flexibly represents information about …

We describe an integrative model that encodes associations between related concepts in
the human hippocampal formation, constituting the skeleton of episodic memories. The …

Understanding movies and stories requires maintaining a high-level situation model that
abstracts away from perceptual details to describe the location, characters, actions, and …

Memory transformation is increasingly acknowledged in theoretical accounts of systems
consolidation, yet how memory quality and neural representation change over time and how …

The term “schema” has been used to describe vastly different knowledge structures within
the memory neuroscience literature. Ambiguous terminology hinders cross-study …

Highlights•Prior related memories are reactivated during new learning events.•Medial PFC
guides reactivation toward related, goal-relevant knowledge.•Hippocampus compares …

Our brains constantly generate predictions about the environment based on prior
knowledge. Many of the events we experience are consistent with these predictions, while …