Temperature is considered as the major factor determining virus inactivation in the
environment. Food industries, therefore, widely apply temperature as virus inactivating …

Norovirus (NoV) is one of the oldest recognized diseases and the leading causal pathogen
for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. Though numerous studies have been reported on …

Murine norovirus (MNoV) is a model for human norovirus and for interrogating mechanisms
of viral tropism and persistence. We previously demonstrated that the persistent strain MNoV …

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the major cause of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis
worldwide but has no clear animal reservoir. HuNoV can persist after the resolution of …

Abstract Background. Nosocomial norovirus (NoV) infection is common and may increase
the burden of disease in healthcare settings, particularly in vulnerable hospitalized patients …

In the developing countries, inaccessibility to safe water, lack of agricultural infrastructures
and limitations to implementing good agricultural practices (GAP) are persistent challenges …

Background Norovirus (NoV) is the predominant cause of foodborne disease outbreaks.
Virus contamination may occur during all steps of food processing, from production to …

Among the enteric viruses implicated in foodborne outbreaks, the human norovirus and
hepatitis viruses A and E (HAV and HEV) represent a serious public health concern …

Norovirus is the most common cause of acute infectious gastroenteritis, causing
approximately 21 million cases annually in the USA. The virus is highly contagious and …

Grape seed extract (GSE) is reported to have antibacterial properties with few current
studies on antiviral activity. Recently, we reported the effects of GSE against foodborne viral …